Gross domestic product
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"GDP" redirects here. For other uses, see GDP=20
(disambiguation).
CIA World =
Factbook=20
2007 figures of total nominal GDP (top) =
compared to PPP-adj=
usted GDP=20
(bottom).
The gross domestic product (GDP) or gross domestic=20
income (GDI) is one of the
The most common approach to measuring and understanding GDP is the=20 expenditure method:
- GDP =3D consump=
tion=20
+ gross =
investment=20
+ government=20
spending + (exports =E2=88=92 imports), =
or,
GDP =3D C +=20 I + G + (X-M)
"Gross" means depreciation of =
Economists (since Keynes) = have=20 preferred to split the general consumption term into two parts; private=20 consumption, and public sector = (or=20 government) spending. Two advantages of dividing total consumption this = way in=20 theoretical macroeconomics = are:
- Private consumption is a central concern of
- If separated from endogen= ous=20 private consumption, government consumption can be treated as =
- If separated from endogen= ous=20 private consumption, government consumption can be treated as =
Contents |
[edit]=20 GDP vs GNP
GDP can be contrasted with
GDP is concerned with the region in which income is generated. It is = the=20 market value of all the output produced in a nation in one year. GDP = focuses on=20 where the output is produced rather than who produced it. GDP measures = all,=20 disregarding the firms' nationality.
In contrast, GNP is a measure of the value of the output produced by =
the "
[edit]=20 Measuring GDP
[edit]=20 The components of GDP
Each of the variables C, I, G and XM = (where=20 GDP =3D C + I + G + (X-M) as = above)
(Note: * GDP is sometimes also referred to as Y in = reference to=20 a GDP graph)
- C is private consumption in the economy. This = includes most=20 personal expenditures of households such as = food,=20 rent, medical expenses and so on but does not include new housing.=20
- I is defined as investments by business or =
households in
- G is the sum of government=20 expenditures on final goods and services. It includes salaries of =
- X is gross exports. GDP captures the amount a country = produces,=20 including goods and services produced for other nations' consumption,=20 therefore exports are added.=20
- M is gross imports. Imports are subtracted since imported = goods=20 will be included in the terms G, I, or C, and = must be=20 deducted to avoid counting foreign supply as domestic. =
- G is the sum of government=20 expenditures on final goods and services. It includes salaries of =
It is important to understand the meaning of each variable = precisely=20 in order to:
- Read national accounts.=20
- Understand either Keynesian =
or
[edit] =20
Examples of GDP component =
variables
Examples of C, I, G, and NX: If you spend =
money=20
to renovate your hotel so that occupancy rates increase, that is private =
investment, but if you buy shares in a consortium to do the same thing =
it is
For example, if a hotel is a private home then renovation spending = would be=20 measured as Consumption, but if a government agency is converting = the=20 hotel into an office for civil servants the renovation spending would be = measured as part of public sector spending (G).
If the renovation involves the purchase of a chandelier from =
abroad, that=20
spending would also be counted as an increase in imports, so that =
NX would fall and the total GDP is affected by the purchase. =
(This=20
highlights the fact that GDP is intended to measure domestic
If the manufacture of a chandelier to hang in a foreign hotel the = situation=20 would be reversed, and the payment received would be counted in = NX=20 (positively, as an export). Again, GDP is attempting to measure = production=20 through the means of expenditure; if = the=20 chandelier produced had been bought domestically it would have been = included in=20 the GDP figures (in C or I) when purchased by a consumer = or a=20 business, but because it was exported it is necessary to 'correct' the = amount=20 consumed domestically to give the amount produced domestically. (As in = Gross=20 Domestic Product.)
[edit] =20
Types of GDP and GDP growth
- Current GDP is GDP expressed in the current prices of the = period=20 being measured=20
- Nominal GDP growth is GDP growth in nominal prices = (unadjusted for=20 price changes).=20
- Real GDP growth is GDP growth adjusted for price changes. =
Calculating the real GDP growth allows economists to determine if = production=20 increased or decreased, regardless of changes in the purchasing power of = the=20 currency.
[edit]=20 The GDP income account
Another way of measuring GDP is to measure the total income payable = in the=20 GDP income accounts. In this situation, Gross Domestic Income (GDI) is = sometimes=20 used rather than Gross Domestic Product. This should provide the same = figure as=20 the expenditure method described above. (By definition, GDI=3DGDP. In = practice,=20 however, measurement errors will make the two figures slightly off when = reported=20 by national statistical agencies.)
The formula for GDP measured using the income approach, called = GDP(I),=20 is:
- GDP =3D Compensat= ion of=20 employees + Gross = operating=20 surplus + Gross=20 mixed income + Taxes less subsidies on production and imports =
- Compensation of employees (COE) measures the total = remuneration to=20 employees for work done. It includes wages and salaries, as well as = employer=20 contributions to social = security and=20 other such programs.=20
- Gross operating surplus (GOS) is the surplus due to owners = of=20 incorporated businesses. Often called profits, although = only a subset=20 of total costs are subtracted from gross output to calculate GOS.=20
- Gross mixed income (GMI) is the same measure as GOS, but = for=20 unincorporated businesses. This often includes most small businesses. =
The sum of COE, GOS and GMI is called total = factor=20 income, and measures the value of GDP at factor (basic) prices.The = difference=20 between basic prices and final prices (those used in the expenditure=20 calculation) is the total taxes and subsidies that the Government has = levied or=20 paid on that production. So adding taxes less subsidies on production = and=20 imports converts GDP at factor cost to = GDP(I).
Another formula can be written as this:
- GDP =3D R + I + P + SA + W
where R =3D rents
I =3D interests
P =3D profits
SA =3D =
statistical=20
adjustments (corporate income taxes, dividends, undistributed corporate=20
profits)
W =3D wages
[edit]=20 Measurement
[edit]=20 International standards
The international standard for measuring GDP is contained in the book =
SNA93 provides a set of rules and procedures for the measurement of = national=20 accounts. The standards are designed to be flexible, to allow for = differences in=20 local statistical needs and conditions.
[edit]=20 National measurement
Within each country GDP is normally measured by a national government = statistical agency, as private sector organizations normally do not have = access=20 to the information required (especially information on expenditure and=20 production by governments).
[edit]=20 Interest rates
Net interest expense is a transfer =
payment in all=20
sectors except the financial sector. Net interest expenses in the =
financial=20
sector is seen as production and =
[edit]=20 Cross-border comparison
The level of GDP in different countries may be compared by converting = their=20 value in national currency according to either
- current currency exchange rate: GDP calculated by exchange = rates=20 prevailing on international currency = markets=20
- purchasing power parity exchange rate: GDP calculated by purchasing = power=20 parity (PPP) of each currency relative to a selected standard = (usually the=20 United = States=20 dollar).
The relative ranking of countries may differ dramatically between the = two=20 approaches.
- The current exchange rate method converts the value of = goods and=20 services using global currency exchange = rates. This=20 can offer better indications of a country's international purchasing = power and=20 relative economic strength. For instance, if 10% of GDP is being spent = on=20 buying hi-tech foreign arms, the number of = weapons=20 purchased is entirely governed by current exchange rates, since = arms=20 are a traded=20 product bought on the international market (there is no meaningful = 'local'=20 price distinct from the international price for high technology = goods).=20
- The purchasing power parity method accounts for the = relative=20 effective domestic purchasing power of the average producer or = consumer within=20 an economy. This can be a better indicator of the living standards of=20 less-developed countries because it compensates for the weakness of = local=20 currencies in world markets. (For example, India ranks 13th by GDP but = 4th by=20 PPP). The PPP method of GDP conversion is most relevant to non-traded = goods=20 and services.
There is a clear pattern of the purchasing power parity method = decreasing the disparity in GDP between high and low income (GDP) = countries, as=20 compared to the current exchange rate method. This finding is = called the=20 Penn=20 effect.
For more information see Measures=20 of national income and output.
[edit]=20 Standard of living and GDP
World GDP per capita changed very little for most =
of human=20
history before the industrial=20
revolution. (Note the empty areas mean no data, not very low levels. =
There=20
are data for the years 1, 1000, 1500, 1600, 1700, 1820, 1900, and=20
2003.)
GDP per capita is often used as an indicator of standard of = living in=20 an economy, the = rationale=20 being that all citizens would benefit from their country's increased = economic=20 production.
The major advantages to using GDP per capita as an indicator of = standard of=20 living are that it is measured frequently, widely and consistently; = frequently=20 in that most countries provide information on GDP on a quarterly basis = (which=20 allows a user to spot trends more quickly), widely in that some measure = of GDP=20 is available for practically every country in the world (allowing crude = comparisons=20 between the standard of living in different countries), and consistently = in that=20 the technical definitions used within GDP are relatively consistent = between=20 countries, and so there can be confidence that the same thing is being = measured=20 in each country.
The major disadvantage of using GDP as an indicator of standard of = living is=20 that it is not, strictly speaking, a measure of standard of living. GDP = is=20 intended to be a measure of particular types of economic activity within = a=20 country. Nothing about the definition of GDP suggests that it is = necessarily a=20 measure of standard of living. For instance, in an extreme example, a = country=20 which exported 100 per cent of its production and imported nothing would = still=20 have a high GDP, but a very poor standard of living.
Quality of life=E2=80=94human happiness=E2=80=94is determined by many =
other things than=20
physical goods and services. Even the alternative economic measures of =
The argument in favor of using GDP is not that it is a good indicator =
of=20
standard of living, but rather that (all other things being equal) =
standard of=20
living tends to increase when GDP per capita increases. This makes GDP a =
There are a number of controversies=20 about this use of GDP.
[edit] =20
Limitations of GDP to judge the health of an=20
economy
![3D""=20](3D"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Ambox_%3F.svg") |
All or part of this article may be Please help clarify the article. Suggestions may be = on the |
GDP is widely used by economists to gauge the health of an economy, = as its=20 variations are relatively quickly identified. However, its value as an = indicator=20 for the standard of = living is=20 considered to be limited. Criticisms of how the GDP is used include:
- Wealth distribution - GDP does not take disparity in =
incomes=20
between the rich and poor into account. See
- Voluntary work - GNP ignores voluntary work, = such as=20 domestic work. Free and Open Source = Software=20 (such as Linux)=20 contribute nothing to GDP, but it was estimated = that it=20 would have cost more than a billion US dollars for a commercial = company to=20 develop. Also, if Free and Open Source = Software=20 became identical to its proprietary = software counterparts, and the nation producing the propriety = software=20 stops buying proprietary = software and switches to Free and Open Source = Software,=20 then the GDP of this nation would reduce, however there would be no = reduction=20 in economic production or standard of living. The work of New Zealand=20 economist Marilyn = Waring has=20 highlighted that if a concerted attempt to factor in unpaid work were = made,=20 then it would in part, undo the injustices of unpaid (and in some = cases,=20 slave) labour, and also provide the political transparency and = accountability=20 necessary for democracy.
GDP also ignores subsistence =
production
- What is being produced - GDP counts work that produces no =
net=20
change or that results from repairing harm. For example, rebuilding =
after a=20
natural disaster or war may produce a considerable amount of economic =
activity=20
and thus boost GDP, but it would have been far better if the disaster =
had=20
never occurred in the first place. The economic value of
- Quality of goods - People may buy cheap, low-durability = goods=20 over and over again, or they may buy high-durability goods less = often. It is=20 possible that the monetary value of the items sold in the first case = is=20 higher than that in the second case, in which case a higher GDP is = simply=20 the result of greater inefficiency and waste. (This is not always = the case;=20 durable goods are often more difficult to produce than flimsy goods, = and=20 consumers have a financial incentive to find the cheapest long-term = option.=20 With goods that are undergoing rapid change, such as in fashion or = high=20 technology, the short lifespan may increase customer satisfaction by = allowing them to have newer products.)
- Externalities - GDP ignores externalities = such as=20 damage to the environment. GDP even views externalities as positive if = work/production is required in response to the externalities.=20
- Sustainability of growth - GDP does not measure the
- Black market - Official GDP estimates may not take into = account the=20 black market, = where the=20 money spent is not registered, and the non-monetary economy, where no = money=20 comes into play at all, resulting in inaccurate or abnormally low GDP = figures.=20 For example, in countries with major business transactions occurring=20 informally, portions of local economy are not easily registered.
- One main problem in estimating GDP growth over time is that the = purchasing=20 power of money varies in different proportion for different goods, so = when the=20 GDP figure is deflated over time, GDP growth can vary greatly = depending on the=20 basket of goods used and the relative proportions used to deflate the = GDP=20 figure. For example, in the past 80 years the GDP per capita of the = United=20 States if measured by purchasing power of potatoes, did not grow=20 significantly. But if it is measured by the purchasing power of eggs, = it grew=20 several times.=20
- Very often different calculations of GDP are confused among each =
other.=20
For cross-border comparisons one should especially regard whether it =
is=20
calculated by purchasing =
power=20
parity (PPP) method or current exchange rate =
method.=20
Using the latter method to compare living standards is problematic, =
since it=20
does not always reflect the real wealth of the citizens, ie. how much =
they are=20
able purchase locally in relation to their income (see
- Cross-border comparisons of GDP can be inaccurate as they do not = take into=20 account local differences in the quality of goods, even when adjusted = for
- Cross border trade within companies distorts the GDP and is done=20 frequently to escape high taxation. Examples include the German
- Cross-border comparisons of GDP can be inaccurate as they do not = take into=20 account local differences in the quality of goods, even when adjusted = for
- GDP is often incorrectly used in (often unscientific and = unrealistic)=20 comparisons where net national worth (or national wealth) would be a = more=20 correct point of reference. For example, "person X could buy country = Y,=20 because his/her wealth is more than the GDP of that country". Net = national=20 worth is often equal to several years cumulative GDP = [1]=20 = [2].=20
The limits of GDP (or GNP, a slightly different notion) can be summed =
up in=20
the words of two critics. Robert Kennedy =
said
The gross national product includes air pollution and advertising = for=20 cigarettes and ambulances to clear our highways of carnage. It counts = special=20 locks for our doors and jails for the people who break them. GNP = includes the=20 destruction of the redwoods and the death of Lake Superior. It grows = with the=20 production of napalm, and missiles and nuclear warheads... it does not = allow=20 for the health of our families, the quality of their education, or the = joy of=20 their play. It is indifferent to the decency of our factories and the = safety=20 of our streets alike. It does not include the beauty of our poetry or = the=20 strength of our marriages, or the intelligence of our public debate or = the=20 integrity of our public officials. It measures everything, in short, = except=20 that which makes life worthwhile.
The second critic, Simon Kuznets = the inventor=20 of the GDP, in his very first report to the US Congress in 1934 said= [4]:
...the welfare of a nation [can] scarcely be inferred from a = measure of=20 national income...
In 1962, Kuznets stated= [5]:
Distinctions must be kept in mind between quantity and quality of = growth,=20 between costs and returns, and between the short and long run. Goals = for more=20 growth should specify more growth of what and for = what.
[edit]=20 Alternatives to GDP
HDI uses GDP as a part of its calculation and then factors in = indicators of=20 life expectancy and education levels.
- Genuine =
Progress Indicator (GPI) or
The GPI and the similar ISEW attempt to address many of the above = criticisms=20 by taking the same raw information supplied for GDP and then adjust for = income=20 distribution, add for the value of household and volunteer work, and = subtract=20 for crime and pollution.
The World Bank has =
developed a=20
system for combining monetary wealth with intangible wealth =
(institutions and=20
human capital) and environmental capital.
Some people have looked beyond standard of living at a broader sense =
of
This survey, the first wave of which was published in 2005, assessed =
quality=20
of life across European countries through a series of questions on =
overall
The Centre for Bhutanese Studies in Bhutan is currently = working on a=20 complex set of subjective and objective indicators to measure 'national=20 happiness' in various domains (living standards, health, education, = eco-system=20 diversity and resilience, cultural vitality and diversity, time use and = balance,=20 good governance, community vitality and psychological well-being). This = set of=20 indicators would be used to assess progress towards Gross National = Happiness,=20 which they have already identified as being the nation's priority, above = GDP.
Scientists have posted a theory that uses human height as a = reflection of how=20 well (or badly) a country is doing in terms of diet, wealth, quality of = housing,=20 pollution, disease, and stress. They believe that a higher average = height=20 indicates a higher standard of living. The evidence for this has been = outlined=20 in the Time Magazine article "A Tall Story for Our Time," October 14, = 1996.
The Happy Planet Index (HPI) is an index of human well-being and=20 environmental impact, introduced by the New = Economics=20 Foundation (NEF), in July 2006. It measures the environmental = efficiency=20 with which human well-being is achieved within a given country or group. = Human=20 well-being is defined in terms of subjec= tive life=20 satisfaction and life = expectancy.
[edit] =20
Lists of countries by their GDP
- List=20
of countries by GDP (nominal), (
- = List of=20 countries by GDP (PPP), (
- List=20 of countries by GDP (real) growth rate, (per=20 capita)=20
- List=20 of countries by GDP sector composition=20
- List=20 of countries by future GDP estimates (PPP), (
- List=20 of countries by past GDP (PPP), (
- = List of=20 countries by GDP (PPP), (
[edit]=20 See also
- Eco-sufficiency= =20
- Economic = growth=20
- Economic = reports=20
- GDP deflator=20
- Genuine = Progress Indicator (GPI)=20
- GNP=20
- Green = Gross=20 Domestic Product=20
- Gross = national=20 happiness=20
- Gross Output=20
- Gro= ss=20 regional domestic product=20
- Gross value = added=20
- Human = Development=20 Index=20
- Happy Planet = Index=20 (HPI)=20
- Income = inequality metrics=20
- Intermedia= te=20 consumption=20
- Measures=20 of national income and output=20
- National = accounts=20
- Natu= ral=20 gross domestic product=20
- Purchasing = Power=20 Parity=20
- Value added =
|
| ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Developed=20
country =C2=B7 | ||||||||||||
| Worlds=20 Theory |
| |||||||||||
| Lists of=20 countries |
|
[edit]=20 References
- ^= =20 Column on US national net worth.=20
- ^= =20 National net worth per person for different = countries.=20
- ^= =20 Measuring Progress: Annex 1-What's wrong with the GDP?, Friends of the = Earth.=20 March 13, 2003. [1]=20
- ^= =20 Simon Kuznets, 1934. "National Income, 1929-1932". 73rd US Congress, = 2d=20 session, Senate document no. 124, page 7. http://library.bea.gov/u?/NI_reports,539=20
- ^= =20 Simon Kuznets. "How To Judge Quality". The New Republic, October 20, = 1962=20
- ^= =20 World Bank = wealth=20 estimates.=20
- ^= =20 First European Quality of Life Survey. =
[edit]=20 External links
[edit]=20 Global
- Australian Bureau of Statistics Manual on GDP = measurement=20
- GDP-indexed bonds=20
- GDP scaled maps=20
- Euro area GDP=20 growth rate (since 1996) as compared to the Bank Rate (since 2000) =
[edit]=20 Data
- Bureau of=20 Economic Analysis: Official United States GDP data=20
- Historicalstatistics.org: Links to historical = statistics on GDP=20 for different countries and regions=20
- Complete listing of countries by GDP: Current Exchange Rate Method Purchasing Power Parity Method=20
- Historical US GDP = (1790 to=20 2005)
[edit]=20 Articles and books
- What's wrong with = the=20 GDP?=20
- Limitations of GDP Statistics by Schenk, Robert.=20
- whether=20 output and CPI inflation are mismeasured, by Nouriel Roubini and David = Backus,=20 in Lectures in Macroeconomics=20
- "Measurement of the Aggregate Economy", chapter 22 = of Dr.=20 Roger A. McCain's Essential Principles of Economics: A Hypermedia = Text=20
- Growth, Accumulation, Crisis: With New Macroeconomic = Data for=20 Sweden 1800-2000 by Rodney Edvinsson=20
- Clifford Cobb, Ted Halstead and Jonathan Rowe. "If the GDP is up, = why is=20 America down?" The Atlantic Monthly, vol. 276, no. 4, October 1995, = pages=20 59-78.
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}=0A=
function f_scrollLeft() {=0A=
return f_filterResults (=0A=
window.pageXOffset ? window.pageXOffset : 0,=0A=
document.documentElement ? document.documentElement.scrollLeft : 0,=0A=
document.body ? document.body.scrollLeft : 0=0A=
);=0A=
}=0A=
function f_scrollTop() {=0A=
return f_filterResults (=0A=
window.pageYOffset ? window.pageYOffset : 0,=0A=
document.documentElement ? document.documentElement.scrollTop : 0,=0A=
document.body ? document.body.scrollTop : 0=0A=
);=0A=
}=0A=
function f_filterResults(n_win, n_docel, n_body) {=0A=
var n_result =3D n_win ? n_win : 0;=0A=
if (n_docel && (!n_result || (n_result > n_docel)))=0A=
n_result =3D n_docel;=0A=
return n_body && (!n_result || (n_result > n_body)) ? n_body : n_result;=0A=
}=0A=
=0A=
/** Get the height available for the results container */=0A=
function os_availableHeight(r){=0A=
var absTop =3D document.getElementById(r.container).style.top;=0A=
var px =3D absTop.lastIndexOf("px");=0A=
if(px > 0)=0A=
absTop =3D absTop.substring(0,px);=0A=
return f_clientHeight() - (absTop - f_scrollTop());=0A=
}=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
/** Get element absolute position {left,top} */=0A=
function os_getElementPosition(elemID){=0A=
var offsetTrail =3D document.getElementById(elemID);=0A=
var offsetLeft =3D 0;=0A=
var offsetTop =3D 0;=0A=
while (offsetTrail){=0A=
offsetLeft +=3D offsetTrail.offsetLeft;=0A=
offsetTop +=3D offsetTrail.offsetTop;=0A=
offsetTrail =3D offsetTrail.offsetParent;=0A=
}=0A=
if (navigator.userAgent.indexOf('Mac') !=3D -1 && typeof =
document.body.leftMargin !=3D 'undefined'){=0A=
offsetLeft +=3D document.body.leftMargin;=0A=
offsetTop +=3D document.body.topMargin;=0A=
}=0A=
return {left:offsetLeft,top:offsetTop};=0A=
}=0A=
=0A=
/** Create the container div that will hold the suggested titles */=0A=
function os_createContainer(r){=0A=
var c =3D document.createElement("div");=0A=
var s =3D document.getElementById(r.searchbox);=0A=
var pos =3D os_getElementPosition(r.searchbox); =0A=
var left =3D pos.left;=0A=
var top =3D pos.top + s.offsetHeight;=0A=
c.className =3D "os-suggest";=0A=
c.setAttribute("id", r.container); =0A=
document.body.appendChild(c); =0A=
=0A=
// dynamically generated style params =0A=
// IE workaround, cannot explicitely set "style" attribute=0A=
c =3D document.getElementById(r.container);=0A=
c.style.top =3D top+"px";=0A=
c.style.left =3D left+"px";=0A=
c.style.width =3D s.offsetWidth+"px";=0A=
=0A=
// mouse event handlers=0A=
c.onmouseover =3D function(event) { os_eventMouseover(r.searchbox, =
event); };=0A=
c.onmousemove =3D function(event) { os_eventMousemove(r.searchbox, =
event); };=0A=
c.onmousedown =3D function(event) { return =
os_eventMousedown(r.searchbox, event); };=0A=
c.onmouseup =3D function(event) { os_eventMouseup(r.searchbox, event); =
};=0A=
return c;=0A=
}=0A=
=0A=
/** change container height to fit to screen */=0A=
function os_fitContainer(r){ =0A=
var c =3D document.getElementById(r.container);=0A=
var h =3D os_availableHeight(r) - 20;=0A=
var inc =3D r.containerRow;=0A=
h =3D parseInt(h/inc) * inc;=0A=
if(h < (2 * inc) && r.resultCount > 1) // min: two results=0A=
h =3D 2 * inc; =0A=
if((h/inc) > os_max_lines_per_suggest )=0A=
h =3D inc * os_max_lines_per_suggest;=0A=
if(h < r.containerTotal){=0A=
c.style.height =3D h +"px";=0A=
r.containerCount =3D parseInt(Math.round(h/inc));=0A=
} else{=0A=
c.style.height =3D r.containerTotal+"px";=0A=
r.containerCount =3D r.resultCount;=0A=
}=0A=
}=0A=
/** If some entries are longer than the box, replace text with "..." */=0A=
function os_trimResultText(r){=0A=
var w =3D document.getElementById(r.container).offsetWidth;=0A=
if(r.containerCount < r.resultCount){ =0A=
w -=3D 20; // give 20px for scrollbar =0A=
} else=0A=
w =3D os_operaWidthFix(w);=0A=
if(w < 10)=0A=
return;=0A=
for(var i=3D0;i| "+title+" | ";=0A= }=0A= html+=3D"
... title =
...
=0A=
// An element with id=3DDisableRealTitle disables the function.=0A=
//=0A=
=0A=
var disableRealTitle =3D 0; // users can set disableRealTitle =3D 1 =
locally to disable.=0A=
if (wgIsArticle) { // don't display the RealTitle when editing, since it =
is apparently inconsistent (doesn't show when editing sections, doesn't =
show when not previewing)=0A=
addOnloadHook(function() {=0A=
try {=0A=
var realTitleBanner =3D =
document.getElementById("RealTitleBanner");=0A=
if (realTitleBanner && =
!document.getElementById("DisableRealTitle") && !disableRealTitle ) {=0A=
var realTitle =3D document.getElementById("RealTitle");=0A=
if (realTitle) {=0A=
var realTitleHTML =3D realTitle.innerHTML;=0A=
if (realTitle.textContent) { //everyone but IE=0A=
realTitleText =3D realTitle.textContent=0A=
} else { //IE=0A=
realTitleText =3D realTitle.innerText;=0A=
}=0A=
=0A=
var isPasteable =3D 0;=0A=
var containsTooMuchHTML =3D //gi, "") ); // contains =
HTML that will be ignored when cut-n-pasted as a wikilink=0A=
// calculate whether the title is pasteable=0A=
var verifyTitle =3D realTitleText.replace(/^ +/, ""); =
// trim left spaces=0A=
verifyTitle =3D verifyTitle.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + =
verifyTitle.substring(1, verifyTitle.length); // uppercase first =
character=0A=
=0A=
// if the namespace prefix is there, remove it on our =
verification copy. If it isn't there, add it to the original realValue =
copy.=0A=
if (wgNamespaceNumber !=3D 0) {=0A=
if (wgCanonicalNamespace =3D=3D =
verifyTitle.substr(0, wgCanonicalNamespace.length).replace(/ /g, "_") && =
verifyTitle.charAt(wgCanonicalNamespace.length) =3D=3D ":") {=0A=
verifyTitle =3D =
verifyTitle.substr(wgCanonicalNamespace.length + 1);=0A=
} else {=0A=
realTitleText =3D =
wgCanonicalNamespace.replace(/_/g, " ") + ":" + realTitleText;=0A=
realTitleHTML =3D =
wgCanonicalNamespace.replace(/_/g, " ") + ":" + realTitleHTML;=0A=
}=0A=
}=0A=
=0A=
// verify whether wgTitle matches=0A=
verifyTitle =3D verifyTitle.replace(/[\s_]+/g, " "); =
// underscores and multiple spaces to single spaces=0A=
verifyTitle =3D verifyTitle.replace(/^\s+/, =
"").replace(/\s+$/, ""); // trim left and right spaces=0A=
verifyTitle =3D verifyTitle.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + =
verifyTitle.substring(1, verifyTitle.length); // uppercase first =
character=0A=
if ( (verifyTitle =3D=3D wgTitle) || (verifyTitle =3D=3D =
wgTitle.replace(/^(.+)?(January|February|March|April|May|June|July|August=
|September|October|November|December)\s+([12]?[0-9]|3[0123])([^\d].*)?$/g=
, "$1$3 $2$4") )) isPasteable =3D 1;=0A=
var h1 =3D document.getElementsByTagName("h1")[0];=0A=
if (h1 && isPasteable) {=0A=
h1.innerHTML =3D containsTooMuchHTML ? realTitleText =
: realTitleHTML;=0A=
if (!containsTooMuchHTML)=0A=
realTitleBanner.style.display =3D "none";=0A=
}=0A=
document.title =3D realTitleText + " - Wikipedia, the =
free encyclopedia";=0A=
}=0A=
}=0A=
} catch (e) {=0A=
/* Something went wrong. */=0A=
}=0A=
});=0A=
}=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
/** IE 6 Z-index bug workaround for anonnotice **************************=0A=
*=0A=
* Description: This implements a work around for the Z-index bug =
found in Internet Explorer.=0A=
* It correctly places the anon notice on the page, even =
under IE6.=0A=
* See this Google search for more information about the =
bug:=0A=
* =
http://www.google.com/search?hl=3Den&client=3Dfirefox-a&rls=3Dorg.mozilla=
%3Aen-US%3Aofficial&hs=3Dq74&q=3Dz-index+ie6+bug&btnG=3DSearch=0A=
* Created by: [[User:Gmaxwell]]=0A=
*/=0A=
if(wgUserName =3D=3D null && skin =3D=3D 'monobook') =
addOnloadHook((function (){=0A=
var message=3Dnew Array();=0A=
message[0]=3D'Your continued donations =
keep Wikipedia running!';=0A=
message[1]=3D'Make a donation&nbs=
p;to Wikipedia and give the gift of kn=
owledge!';=0A=
=
message[2]=3D'Wikipedia is sustained by people l=
ike you. Please donate today.';=0A=
=
message[3]=3D'Help us improve Wikipedia by supporting it financially.';=0A=
message[4]=3D'You can support Wikipedia by=
making a tax-deductible do=
nation.'=0A=
=
message[5]=3D'Help us provide free content to&nb=
sp;the world by donating today!';=0A=
var whichMessage =3D Math.floor(Math.random()*(message.length));=0A=
=0A=
document.writeln('' + message[whichMessage] + =
'
=E2=80=A2 ' + messageEdu[whichMessageEdu] + =
' =E2=80=A2
You '=0A= +'appear to have come here from the Modernista website. They '=0A= +'enclose Wikipedia=E2=80=99s content with a frame and overlay their '=0A= +'own navigation banner on top. Wikipedia does not endorse '=0A= +'Modernista and its appearance here should not be taken to '=0A= +'imply this. |